INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a systematic review of evidence from economic evaluations of family-based interventions that was recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force to prevent substance use among youth. METHODS: The search covered studies published from inception of databases through October 2023 and was limited to those based in the U.S. and other … Read more
Document Type: Journal Article
BACKGROUND: Contingency management (CM) is the most effective available treatment for stimulant use disorder (StUD). The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) rolled out the largest national CM implementation effort to date, but ongoing efforts are needed to increase CM receipt. To inform these efforts, it is important to understand the reach of CM implementation across … Read more
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cannabis use is increasing in the United States, and, on average, those consuming medical cannabis report more frequent cannabis use than those who use recreationally. The present analyses focus on the prevalence and correlates of working under the influence of cannabis (WUIC) amongst individuals with chronic pain who use cannabis medically. METHODS: … Read more
INTRODUCTION: Naloxone is a lifesaving medication to prevent opioid overdose deaths. Emergency departments can provide important access points for individuals to receive naloxone. Vending machines are 1 low-barrier method of distributing naloxone. We describe the implementation of an emergency department-based naloxone vending machine and demonstrate its feasibility and acceptability among participants. METHODS: A naloxone vending … Read more
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between insurance type and postoperative unplanned care encounters among patients on long-term opioid therapy before surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Preoperative long-term opioid therapy is associated with unique risks and poorer outcomes following surgery. To date, the extent to which insurance coverage influences postoperative outcomes in this population remains unclear. … Read more
OBJECTIVES: To investigate cannabidiol (CBD) use in women with chronic pelvic pain and nociplastic pain, as represented by a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, including impact on pain and associated symptoms, substitutions for other medications, and side effects. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using data derived from an online survey distributed through the National Fibromyalgia Association … Read more
Fatal opioid overdoses in the United States have nearly tripled during the past decade, with greater than 92% involving a synthetic opioid like fentanyl. Fentanyl potently activates the -opioid receptor to induce both analgesia and respiratory depression. The danger of illicit fentanyl has recently been exacerbated by adulteration with xylazine, an 2-adrenergic receptor agonist typically … Read more
BACKGROUND: Older adults in disadvantaged urban communities contend with chronic psychosocial and environmental stressors that contribute to high levels of chronic pain-related disability. African American older adults are especially at risk due to the health-damaging effects of structural racism. The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of a chronic pain self-management intervention … Read more
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to compare opioid prescription, consumption, and patient-reported and clinical outcomes after surgical discharge pre- versus post-COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated negative health outcomes after pandemic onset. However, the impact on postoperative opioid use, pain, and relevant outcomes is unclear. METHODS: Using interrupted time series analysis, we examined opioid-naive adults … Read more
BACKGROUND: Clinical Pharmacist Practitioners (CPPs) have a long history of collaborating with other prescribers for the provision of buprenorphine medication treatment for opioid use disorder (B-MOUD). In January 2023, with the removal of the DATA 2000 X-waiver process, CPPs were allowed to prescribe B-MOUD in states that allow CPP prescriptive authority of controlled substances. We … Read more
It is well known that exogenous opioids such as morphine and fentanyl can depress breathing by inhibiting brainstem breathing control circuit activity. However, the role of endogenous opioids in breathing control is less clear. Endogenous opioid peptides and opioid receptors are expressed within the embryonic brainstem at the same time as when respiratory rhythm-generating neurons … Read more